Designing for Engagement
Improving Virtual Academic Coaching for Neurodiverse Learners
The challenge
When an academic coaching program serving university students with Autism Spectrum Disorder shifted to a fully virtual environment, engagement declined. Students often arrived without clear goals or preparation, coaches lacked reliable ways to assess comprehension, and the existing coaching model was not sufficiently adapted to learner variability.
The approach
We designed and implemented a structured coaching intervention grounded in applied behavioral science and learner-centered design. The approach included:
- A predictable session structure with clearly defined goals
- Learner choice in skill-development topics
- Structured behavioral expectations
- Consistent, specific positive feedback
- A formal coach-training protocol
- Ongoing measurement of implementation fidelity
Coaches received structured training and implementation guides to support consistent delivery.
The results
Implementation fidelity averaged 91.5% across sessions. Behavioral expectations improved substantially across all three participants — from baselines of 33%, 45%, and 55% to approximately 90%, 100%, and 90% respectively. The participant with the lowest baseline skill-assessment performance improved from 64% to 84% average quiz accuracy. Participants also reported higher perceived effectiveness, helpfulness, and enjoyment of coaching sessions.
The work demonstrated that engagement can be defined, measured, and improved through deliberate changes to learning structure, feedback, learner agency, and practitioner support.